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Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Participants in the Norwegian Polar Institute's 2012 "ICE" ("Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems") scientific research voyage in the Arctic Ocean unload scientific equipment from the NPI ship "RV Lance" onto a large floe of Arctic sea ice where the research activities are to be conducted. The ship was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and moved with the floe as it floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of the research activities in July-August 2012.
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Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Elevated view of the Norwegian Polar Institute's research ship "RV Lance" in the Arctic sea ice near 82.5 degrees North during NPI's ICE ("Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems") expedition in July - August 2012. The ship was attached securely to the floe of ice on the left side of the photograph, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice, above-ice, and under-ice research activities.
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Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Participants in the Norwegian Polar Institute's 2012 "ICE" ("Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems") scientific research voyage in the Arctic Ocean unload scientific equipment from the NPI ship "RV Lance" onto a large floe of Arctic sea ice where the research activities are to be conducted. The ship was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and moved with the floe as it floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of the research activities in July-August 2012.
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Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Participants in the Norwegian Polar Institute's 2012 "ICE" ("Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems") scientific research voyage in the Arctic Ocean unload scientific equipment from the NPI ship "RV Lance" onto a large floe of Arctic sea ice where the research activities are to be conducted. The ship was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and moved with the floe as it floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of the research activities in July-August 2012.
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Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute scientists conducting research on sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. The areas of water are shallow melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe. The larger ribbon of water in the distance is an open lead -- narrow channel of ocean water -- between the floe on which the scientists are working and more distant floes.
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Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
During a research expedition n the Arctic Ocean, Norwegian Polar Institute scientists assess sea ice thickness using an airborne instrument called the EM-Bird, a large torpedo-shaped scientific devicethat hangs from a helicopter. As the helicopter flies transects above the sea ice, the electromagnetic and laser sensors in the EM-Bird collect data that can then used to calculate the thickness of the ice. This work was conducted near 82.5-degrees North / 21-degrees East as part of NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "During a research expedition n the Arctic Ocean, Norwegian Polar Institute scientists assess sea ice thickness using an airborne instrument called the EM-Bird, a large torpedo-shaped scientific devicethat hangs from a helicopter. As the helicopter flies transects above the sea ice, the electromagnetic and laser sensors in the EM-Bird collect data that can then used to calculate the thickness of the ice. This work was conducted near 82.5-degrees North / 21-degrees East as part of NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
During a research expedition n the Arctic Ocean, Norwegian Polar Institute scientists assess sea ice thickness using an airborne instrument called the EM-Bird, a large torpedo-shaped scientific devicethat hangs from a helicopter. As the helicopter flies transects above the sea ice, the electromagnetic and laser sensors in the EM-Bird collect data that can then used to calculate the thickness of the ice. This work was conducted near 82.5-degrees North / 21-degrees East as part of NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute sea ice scientists Dr. Christina Pedersen and Dr. Dmitry Divine prepare to deploy research equipment on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" expedition. The NPI ship RV Lance was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of the on-ice research activities in July-August 2012.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute sea ice scientists Dr. Christina Pedersen and Dr. Dmitry Divine prepare to deploy research equipment on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 "ICE" expedition. The NPI ship RV Lance was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of the on-ice research activities in July-August 2012.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute sea ice scientists Dr. Christina Pedersen and Dr. Dmitry Divine prepare to deploy research equipment on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" expedition. The NPI ship RV Lance was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of the on-ice research activities in July-August 2012. In the photograph Dr. Pedersen is loading a rifle that the scientists will have ready at all times for protection from polar bears while they are working on the ice.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute sea ice scientists Dr. Christina Pedersen and Dr. Dmitry Divine prepare to deploy research equipment on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 "ICE" expedition. The NPI ship RV Lance was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of the on-ice research activities in July-August 2012. In the photograph Dr. Pedersen is loading a rifle that the scientists will have ready at all times for protection from polar bears while they are working on the ice.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute sea ice scientists Dr. Dmitry Divine (in foreground) and Dr. Christina Pedersen (in distance) mark transects in order to make measurements of ice surface topography using a laser device on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. NPI Engineer Tor Ivan Karlsen (in red in distance) functions as an armed polar bear guard while his colleagues focus on their on-ice research activities. The NPI ship RV Lance was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute sea ice scientists Dr. Dmitry Divine (in foreground) and Dr. Christina Pedersen (in distance) mark transects in order to make measurements of ice surface topography using a laser device on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. NPI Engineer Tor Ivan Karlsen (in red in distance) functions as an armed polar bear guard while his colleagues focus on their on-ice research activities. The NPI ship RV Lance was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute sea ice scientists Dr. Christina Pedersen and Dr. Dmitry Divine make measurements of ice surface topography using a laser device on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. The areas of blue water are melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe. The NPI ship RV Lance was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute sea ice scientists Dr. Christina Pedersen and Dr. Dmitry Divine make measurements of ice surface topography using a laser device on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. The areas of blue water are melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe. The NPI ship RV Lance was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute sea ice scientists Dr. Christina Pedersen and Dr. Dmitry Divine make measurements of ice surface topography using a laser device on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. The areas of blue water are melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe. The NPI ship RV Lance was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute sea ice scientists Dr. Christina Pedersen and Dr. Dmitry Divine make measurements of ice surface topography using a laser device on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. The areas of blue water are melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe. The NPI ship RV Lance was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute sea ice scientists Dr. Christina Pedersen and Dr. Dmitry Divine make measurements of ice surface topography using a laser device on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. The areas of blue water are melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe. The NPI ship RV Lance was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute sea ice scientists Dr. Christina Pedersen and Dr. Dmitry Divine make measurements of ice surface topography using a laser device on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. The areas of blue water are melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe. The NPI ship RV Lance was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute sea ice scientists Dr. Christina Pedersen and Dr. Dmitry Divine make measurements of ice surface topography using a laser device on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. The areas of blue water are melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe. The NPI ship RV Lance was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute sea ice scientists Dr. Christina Pedersen and Dr. Dmitry Divine make measurements of ice surface topography using a laser device on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. The areas of blue water are melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe. The NPI ship RV Lance was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "During a research expedition n the Arctic Ocean, Norwegian Polar Institute scientists assess sea ice thickness using an airborne instrument called the EM-Bird, a large torpedo-shaped scientific devicethat hangs from a helicopter. As the helicopter flies transects above the sea ice, the electromagnetic and laser sensors in the EM-Bird collect data that can then used to calculate the thickness of the ice. This work was conducted near 82.5-degrees North / 21-degrees East as part of NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
During a research expedition n the Arctic Ocean, Norwegian Polar Institute scientists assess sea ice thickness using an airborne instrument called the EM-Bird, a large torpedo-shaped scientific devicethat hangs from a helicopter. As the helicopter flies transects above the sea ice, the electromagnetic and laser sensors in the EM-Bird collect data that can then used to calculate the thickness of the ice. This work was conducted near 82.5-degrees North / 21-degrees East as part of NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "During a research expedition n the Arctic Ocean, Norwegian Polar Institute scientists assess sea ice thickness using an airborne instrument called the EM-Bird, a large torpedo-shaped scientific devicethat hangs from a helicopter. As the helicopter flies transects above the sea ice, the electromagnetic and laser sensors in the EM-Bird collect data that can then used to calculate the thickness of the ice. This work was conducted near 82.5-degrees North / 21-degrees East as part of NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
During a research expedition n the Arctic Ocean, Norwegian Polar Institute scientists assess sea ice thickness using an airborne instrument called the EM-Bird, a large torpedo-shaped scientific devicethat hangs from a helicopter. As the helicopter flies transects above the sea ice, the electromagnetic and laser sensors in the EM-Bird collect data that can then used to calculate the thickness of the ice. This work was conducted near 82.5-degrees North / 21-degrees East as part of NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "On a research expedition in the Arctic Ocean, Norwegian Polar Institute scientists assessed sea ice thickness using an airborne instrument called the EM-Bird, a large torpedo-shaped scientific device. During helicopter transects flown above the ice, the electromagnetic and laser sensors in the EM-Bird collect data for use in calculating the thickness of the sea ice. This work was conducted on melting summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. In this photograph, the helicopter carrying the EM-Bird is approaching the RV Lance to land on the ship after doing transects to collect data.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
On a research expedition in the Arctic Ocean, Norwegian Polar Institute scientists assessed sea ice thickness using an airborne instrument called the EM-Bird, a large torpedo-shaped scientific device. During helicopter transects flown above the ice, the electromagnetic and laser sensors in the EM-Bird collect data for use in calculating the thickness of the sea ice. This work was conducted on melting summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. In this photograph, the helicopter carrying the EM-Bird is approaching the RV Lance to land on the ship after doing transects to collect data.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "On a research expedition in the Arctic Ocean, Norwegian Polar Institute scientists assessed sea ice thickness using an airborne instrument called the EM-Bird, a large torpedo-shaped scientific device. During helicopter transects flown above the ice, the electromagnetic and laser sensors in the EM-Bird collect data for use in calculating the thickness of the sea ice. This work was conducted on melting summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. In this photograph, the helicopter carrying the EM-Bird is approaching the RV Lance to land on the ship after doing transects to collect data.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
On a research expedition in the Arctic Ocean, Norwegian Polar Institute scientists assessed sea ice thickness using an airborne instrument called the EM-Bird, a large torpedo-shaped scientific device. During helicopter transects flown above the ice, the electromagnetic and laser sensors in the EM-Bird collect data for use in calculating the thickness of the sea ice. This work was conducted on melting summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. In this photograph, the helicopter carrying the EM-Bird is approaching the RV Lance to land on the ship after doing transects to collect data.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute scientists Dr. Mats Granskog and Dr. Stephen Hudson deploy research equipment on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. They are setting up a portable weather station that operated automatically and collected data throughout the expedition.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute scientists Dr. Mats Granskog and Dr. Stephen Hudson deploy research equipment on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. They are setting up a portable weather station that operated automatically and collected data throughout the expedition.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute scientists Dr. Mats Granskog and Dr. Stephen Hudson deploy research equipment on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. They are setting up a portable weather station that operated automatically and collected data throughout the expedition. Jens Ehn, a scientist affiliated with the University of Manitoba, functioned as an armed polar bear guard while his colleagues worked on the ice.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute scientists Dr. Mats Granskog and Dr. Stephen Hudson deploy research equipment on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. They are setting up a portable weather station that operated automatically and collected data throughout the expedition. Jens Ehn, a scientist affiliated with the University of Manitoba, functioned as an armed polar bear guard while his colleagues worked on the ice.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute scientific divers prepare for research activities on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute scientific divers prepare for research activities on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute scientists conducting research on sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. The areas of water are shallow melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe. Lines of broken ice chunks across the image are pressure ridges in the floe.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute scientists conducting research on sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. The areas of water are shallow melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe. Lines of broken ice chunks across the image are pressure ridges in the floe.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute geophysicist Dr. Arild Sundfjord, a physical oceanographer, deploys a scientific device through a hole in Arctic sea ice during a research expedition. The device is a tethered, free-falling, turbulence drop-sonde. The device’s primary function is to collect data concerning various turbulence characteristics at different ocean depths as it moves through the water column in a particular location. This work was conducted on a large floe of melting summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. The NPI research ship \"RV Lance\" was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012. Although it appears that Dr. Sundfjord is standing on the surface of the water in the ice hole, in fact he is standing on water-saturated ice at the very edge of the hole -- the locat")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute geophysicist Dr. Arild Sundfjord, a physical oceanographer, deploys a scientific device through a hole in Arctic sea ice during a research expedition. The device is a tethered, free-falling, turbulence drop-sonde. The device’s primary function is to collect data concerning various turbulence characteristics at different ocean depths as it moves through the water column in a particular location. This work was conducted on a large floe of melting summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. The NPI research ship "RV Lance" was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012. Although it appears that Dr. Sundfjord is standing on the surface of the water in the ice hole, in fact he is standing on water-saturated ice at the very edge of the hole -- the locat
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute geophysicist Dr. Arild Sundfjord, a physical oceanographer, retrieves a scientific device that he deployed through a hole in Arctic sea ice during a research expedition. The device is a tethered, free-falling, turbulence drop-sonde. The device’s primary function is to collect data concerning various turbulence characteristics at different ocean depths as it moves through the water column in a particular location. This work was conducted on a large floe of melting summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. The NPI research ship \"RV Lance\" was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012. Although it appears that Dr. Sundfjord is standing on the surface of the water in the ice hole, in fact he is standing on water-saturated ice at the very edge of th")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute geophysicist Dr. Arild Sundfjord, a physical oceanographer, retrieves a scientific device that he deployed through a hole in Arctic sea ice during a research expedition. The device is a tethered, free-falling, turbulence drop-sonde. The device’s primary function is to collect data concerning various turbulence characteristics at different ocean depths as it moves through the water column in a particular location. This work was conducted on a large floe of melting summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. The NPI research ship "RV Lance" was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012. Although it appears that Dr. Sundfjord is standing on the surface of the water in the ice hole, in fact he is standing on water-saturated ice at the very edge of th
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute scientific diver Michal Tessman prepares to dive using a vaccum device to collect ice algae, phytoplankton, and zooplankton samples beneath the Arctic sea ice. He is assisted by NPI marine ecologist and diver Haakon Jop (standing on right) and NPI diver Peter Leopold (sitting on left). The research activities occurred on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute scientific diver Michal Tessman prepares to dive using a vaccum device to collect ice algae, phytoplankton, and zooplankton samples beneath the Arctic sea ice. He is assisted by NPI marine ecologist and diver Haakon Jop (standing on right) and NPI diver Peter Leopold (sitting on left). The research activities occurred on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute geophysicist Dr. Stephen Hudson sets up several scientific devices on a portable sled to make measurements relating to the absorption and reflection of solar energy by various forms of Arctic sea ice. The scientist and his colleagues collected data on a large floe of melting summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. The areas of water in the photograph are shallow melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe. The NPI ship RV Lance was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012. A fog bow arches across the sky in the distance.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute geophysicist Dr. Stephen Hudson sets up several scientific devices on a portable sled to make measurements relating to the absorption and reflection of solar energy by various forms of Arctic sea ice. The scientist and his colleagues collected data on a large floe of melting summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. The areas of water in the photograph are shallow melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe. The NPI ship RV Lance was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012. A fog bow arches across the sky in the distance.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute geophysicists Dr. Mats Granskog and Dr. Stephen Hudson use several scientific devices mounted on a portable sled to make measurements relating to the absorption and reflection of solar energy by various forms of Arctic sea ice. The scientists collected data during transects across a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. The areas of water in the photograph are shallow melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe. The NPI ship RV Lance was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute geophysicists Dr. Mats Granskog and Dr. Stephen Hudson use several scientific devices mounted on a portable sled to make measurements relating to the absorption and reflection of solar energy by various forms of Arctic sea ice. The scientists collected data during transects across a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. The areas of water in the photograph are shallow melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe. The NPI ship RV Lance was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute geophysicists Dr. Mats Granskog and Dr. Stephen Hudson use several scientific devices mounted on a portable sled to make measurements relating to the absorption and reflection of solar energy by various forms of Arctic sea ice. The scientists collected data during transects across a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. The areas of water in the photograph are shallow melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe. The NPI ship RV Lance was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute geophysicists Dr. Mats Granskog and Dr. Stephen Hudson use several scientific devices mounted on a portable sled to make measurements relating to the absorption and reflection of solar energy by various forms of Arctic sea ice. The scientists collected data during transects across a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. The areas of water in the photograph are shallow melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe. The NPI ship RV Lance was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute scientists conducting research on sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. The areas of water are shallow melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute scientists conducting research on sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. The areas of water are shallow melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "During a research expedition in the Arctic Ocean, Norwegian Polar Institute scientist Dr. Angelika Renner, a physical oceanographer and sea ice physicist, uses an electromagnetic instrument to collect data that will be used to calculate the thickness of the sea ice. The device is an EM-31, a ground-based version of the airborne EM-Bird instrument. This work was conducted on a large floe of melting summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. The NPI research ship \"RV Lance\" was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012. The areas of water in the photograph are shallow melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
During a research expedition in the Arctic Ocean, Norwegian Polar Institute scientist Dr. Angelika Renner, a physical oceanographer and sea ice physicist, uses an electromagnetic instrument to collect data that will be used to calculate the thickness of the sea ice. The device is an EM-31, a ground-based version of the airborne EM-Bird instrument. This work was conducted on a large floe of melting summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. The NPI research ship "RV Lance" was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012. The areas of water in the photograph are shallow melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe.
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![Norwegian Polar Institute research on sea ice in Arctic Ocean]( "During a research expedition in the Arctic Ocean, Norwegian Polar Institute scientist Dr. Angelika Renner, a physical oceanographer and sea ice physicist, uses an electromagnetic instrument to collect data that will be used to calculate the thickness of the sea ice. The device is an EM-31, a ground-based version of the airborne EM-Bird instrument. This work was conducted on a large floe of melting summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. The NPI research ship \"RV Lance\" was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012. The areas of water in the photograph are shallow melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe. The equipment in the background is a portable automatic weather station, deployed to collect data throughout the expedition.")
Norwegian Polar Institute research on sea ice in Arctic Ocean
During a research expedition in the Arctic Ocean, Norwegian Polar Institute scientist Dr. Angelika Renner, a physical oceanographer and sea ice physicist, uses an electromagnetic instrument to collect data that will be used to calculate the thickness of the sea ice. The device is an EM-31, a ground-based version of the airborne EM-Bird instrument. This work was conducted on a large floe of melting summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. The NPI research ship "RV Lance" was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012. The areas of water in the photograph are shallow melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe. The equipment in the background is a portable automatic weather station, deployed to collect data throughout the expedition.
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![Norwegian Polar Institute research on sea ice in Arctic Ocean]( "During a research expedition in the Arctic Ocean, Norwegian Polar Institute scientist Dr. Angelika Renner, a physical oceanographer and sea ice physicist, uses an electromagnetic instrument to collect data that will be used to calculate the thickness of the sea ice. The device is an EM-31, a ground-based version of the airborne EM-Bird instrument. This work was conducted on a large floe of melting summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. The NPI research ship \"RV Lance\" was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012. The areas of water in the photograph are shallow melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe.")
Norwegian Polar Institute research on sea ice in Arctic Ocean
During a research expedition in the Arctic Ocean, Norwegian Polar Institute scientist Dr. Angelika Renner, a physical oceanographer and sea ice physicist, uses an electromagnetic instrument to collect data that will be used to calculate the thickness of the sea ice. The device is an EM-31, a ground-based version of the airborne EM-Bird instrument. This work was conducted on a large floe of melting summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. The NPI research ship "RV Lance" was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012. The areas of water in the photograph are shallow melt ponds of varying depth on the surface of the ice floe.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Dr. Philipp Assmy, a Norwegian Polar Institute biological oceanographer and plankton ecologist, prepares ice algae samples for analysis during an experiment involving timed incubation of the samples beneath a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. The aim of the experiment was to assess biological productivity (i.e., ice-algae growth rates) under different ice types and thicknesses, and in varying light conditions. The samples were initially harvested from under the ice in this location, and then treated with a chemical marker which would enable Dr. Assmy to quantify subsequent growth rates. Ice algae are a crucial foundational component of the Arctic food chain, and are threatened by loss of sea ice due to climate change. This work was done during NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Dr. Philipp Assmy, a Norwegian Polar Institute biological oceanographer and plankton ecologist, prepares ice algae samples for analysis during an experiment involving timed incubation of the samples beneath a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. The aim of the experiment was to assess biological productivity (i.e., ice-algae growth rates) under different ice types and thicknesses, and in varying light conditions. The samples were initially harvested from under the ice in this location, and then treated with a chemical marker which would enable Dr. Assmy to quantify subsequent growth rates. Ice algae are a crucial foundational component of the Arctic food chain, and are threatened by loss of sea ice due to climate change. This work was done during NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Dr. Philipp Assmy (in red, kneeling on the ice), a Norwegian Polar Institute biological oceanographer and plankton ecologist, and NPI scientific divers Haakon Hop (standing), Peter Leopold (in black, kneeling on the ice), and Rupert Krapp (in the water) work on an experiment involving timed incubation of ice algae samples beneath a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. The samples were initially harvested from under the ice in this location, and then treated with a chemical marker which would enable Dr. Assmy to quantify subsequent growth. The aim of the experiment was to assess biological productivity (i.e., ice-algae growth rates) under different ice types and thicknesses, and in varying light conditions. Ice algae are a crucial foundational component of the Arctic food chain, and are threatened by loss of sea ice due to climate change. This work was done during NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Dr. Philipp Assmy (in red, kneeling on the ice), a Norwegian Polar Institute biological oceanographer and plankton ecologist, and NPI scientific divers Haakon Hop (standing), Peter Leopold (in black, kneeling on the ice), and Rupert Krapp (in the water) work on an experiment involving timed incubation of ice algae samples beneath a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. The samples were initially harvested from under the ice in this location, and then treated with a chemical marker which would enable Dr. Assmy to quantify subsequent growth. The aim of the experiment was to assess biological productivity (i.e., ice-algae growth rates) under different ice types and thicknesses, and in varying light conditions. Ice algae are a crucial foundational component of the Arctic food chain, and are threatened by loss of sea ice due to climate change. This work was done during NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute scientific divers (Rupert Krapp in red on left, Michal Tessmann in black on the ice, Dr. Haakon Hop in the water) and scientist Dr. Agneta Fransson (in red on right) prepare for research activities that will take place beneath a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute scientific divers (Rupert Krapp in red on left, Michal Tessmann in black on the ice, Dr. Haakon Hop in the water) and scientist Dr. Agneta Fransson (in red on right) prepare for research activities that will take place beneath a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute ICE technician Jago Wallenschus prepares equipment for underwater research activities at a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. NPI scientific diver Rupert Krapp is in the water, ready to deploy the equipment for collection of water and biota samples.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute ICE technician Jago Wallenschus prepares equipment for underwater research activities at a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. NPI scientific diver Rupert Krapp is in the water, ready to deploy the equipment for collection of water and biota samples.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute scientists and scientific divers working an experiment involving timed incubation of ice algae and seawater samples beneath a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. The work was done during NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. The aim of the experiment was to assess ice-algae growth rates beneath different ice types and under varying light conditions.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute scientists and scientific divers working an experiment involving timed incubation of ice algae and seawater samples beneath a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. The work was done during NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012. The aim of the experiment was to assess ice-algae growth rates beneath different ice types and under varying light conditions.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute scientific diver Michal Tessman prepares to dive using a net to collect zooplankton samples beneath the Arctic sea ice. He is assisted by NPI diver Peter Leopold. The research activities occurred on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute scientific diver Michal Tessman prepares to dive using a net to collect zooplankton samples beneath the Arctic sea ice. He is assisted by NPI diver Peter Leopold. The research activities occurred on a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute scientific divers Michal Tessmann (in the water) and Peter Leopold (on the ice) prepare to deploy equipment for underwater research activities at a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute scientific divers Michal Tessmann (in the water) and Peter Leopold (on the ice) prepare to deploy equipment for underwater research activities at a large floe of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean during NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute scientific diver and Arctic marine ecologist Haakon Hop surfaces with a rack of seawater and ice algae samples that have been undergoing a timed incubation beneath a large floe of sea ice for an experiment relating to biological productivity in the Arctic Ocean. Dr. Hop is working with Dr. Philipp Assmy (in red on the left), an NPI biological oceanographer and plankton ecologist, NPI diver Rupert Krapp (center) and plankton ecologist Svein Kristiansen (on right). One of the aims of the experiment was to assess biological productivity beneath different ice types and thicknesses, and in varying light conditions. Samples of ice algae were initially harvested from under the ice in this location, and then treated with a chemical marker which enabled Dr. Assmy to quantify subsequent growth rates when the samples underwent timed incubation beneath the ice. Ice algae are a crucial foundational component of the Arctic food chain, and are threatened by loss of sea ice d")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute scientific diver and Arctic marine ecologist Haakon Hop surfaces with a rack of seawater and ice algae samples that have been undergoing a timed incubation beneath a large floe of sea ice for an experiment relating to biological productivity in the Arctic Ocean. Dr. Hop is working with Dr. Philipp Assmy (in red on the left), an NPI biological oceanographer and plankton ecologist, NPI diver Rupert Krapp (center) and plankton ecologist Svein Kristiansen (on right). One of the aims of the experiment was to assess biological productivity beneath different ice types and thicknesses, and in varying light conditions. Samples of ice algae were initially harvested from under the ice in this location, and then treated with a chemical marker which enabled Dr. Assmy to quantify subsequent growth rates when the samples underwent timed incubation beneath the ice. Ice algae are a crucial foundational component of the Arctic food chain, and are threatened by loss of sea ice d
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Participants in the Norwegian Polar Institute's 2012 \"ICE\" (\"Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems\") scientific research voyage in the Arctic Ocean load scientific equipment onto the NPI ship RV Lance from a large floe of Arctic sea ice where research activities were conducted in July-August 2012. The ship was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and moved with the floe as it floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of the work. By the end of the scientists' time on the ice, the floe had melted significantly and was obviously deteriorating. Some of the melt ponds on the surface of the ice, such as some shown in this photographs, had melted through completely to the ocean water below. The Arctic Ocean was approximately 3500 meters deep at this location.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Participants in the Norwegian Polar Institute's 2012 "ICE" ("Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems") scientific research voyage in the Arctic Ocean load scientific equipment onto the NPI ship RV Lance from a large floe of Arctic sea ice where research activities were conducted in July-August 2012. The ship was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and moved with the floe as it floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of the work. By the end of the scientists' time on the ice, the floe had melted significantly and was obviously deteriorating. Some of the melt ponds on the surface of the ice, such as some shown in this photographs, had melted through completely to the ocean water below. The Arctic Ocean was approximately 3500 meters deep at this location.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Norwegian Polar Institute geophysicist Arild Sundfjord, a physical oceanographer, deploys a scientific device through a hole in Arctic sea ice during a research expedition. The device is a \"CTD\", which detects conductivity, temperature, and depth in the ocean beneath the ice. The device’s primary function is to collect data within the water column that can be used to evaluate how the temperature and salinity of the seawater change with depth at a particular location. This work occurred on a large floe of melting summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. The NPI research ship \"RV Lance\" was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012. Dr. Sundfjord is armed with a rifle and a flare gun (the latter is in the red pouch at his waist) to protect himself and his colleagues")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Norwegian Polar Institute geophysicist Arild Sundfjord, a physical oceanographer, deploys a scientific device through a hole in Arctic sea ice during a research expedition. The device is a "CTD", which detects conductivity, temperature, and depth in the ocean beneath the ice. The device’s primary function is to collect data within the water column that can be used to evaluate how the temperature and salinity of the seawater change with depth at a particular location. This work occurred on a large floe of melting summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition. The NPI research ship "RV Lance" was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and the vessel moved with the floe as the ice floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of various on-ice research activities in July-August 2012. Dr. Sundfjord is armed with a rifle and a flare gun (the latter is in the red pouch at his waist) to protect himself and his colleagues
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "During a research expedition in the Arctic Ocean, Norwegian Polar Institute physical oceanographers Arild Sundfjord (in yellow on left) and Angelika Renner (in yellow on right), assisted by NPI engineers Tor Ivan Karlsen and Marius Bratrein, as well as student Achim Randelhoff, retrieve a scientific device they had previously deployed through a hole in the sea ice. The device is a micro-structure sonde known as a TIC -- a Turbulence Instrument Cluster. The primary function of the device, which carries numerous sensors, is to collect data concerning various ocean turbulence and flux characteristics at a particular location over an extended period of time. This work was conducted on a large floe of melting summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 \"ICE\" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
During a research expedition in the Arctic Ocean, Norwegian Polar Institute physical oceanographers Arild Sundfjord (in yellow on left) and Angelika Renner (in yellow on right), assisted by NPI engineers Tor Ivan Karlsen and Marius Bratrein, as well as student Achim Randelhoff, retrieve a scientific device they had previously deployed through a hole in the sea ice. The device is a micro-structure sonde known as a TIC -- a Turbulence Instrument Cluster. The primary function of the device, which carries numerous sensors, is to collect data concerning various ocean turbulence and flux characteristics at a particular location over an extended period of time. This work was conducted on a large floe of melting summer sea ice in the Arctic Ocean as part of NPI's 2012 "ICE" (Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems) expedition in July-August 2012.
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![Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean]( "Participants in the Norwegian Polar Institute's 2012 \"ICE\" (\"Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems\") scientific research voyage in the Arctic Ocean load scientific equipment onto the NPI ship RV Lance from a large floe of Arctic sea ice where research activities were conducted in July-August 2012. The ship was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and moved with the floe as it floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of the work. By the end of the scientists' time on the ice, the floe had melted significantly and was obviously deteriorating. Some of the melt ponds on the surface of the ice, such as the ones shown in this photographs, had melted through completely to the ocean water below. The Arctic Ocean was approximately 3500 meters deep at this location.")
Scientific research on arctic sea ice, central polar basin, Arctic Ocean
Participants in the Norwegian Polar Institute's 2012 "ICE" ("Ice, Climate, and Ecosystems") scientific research voyage in the Arctic Ocean load scientific equipment onto the NPI ship RV Lance from a large floe of Arctic sea ice where research activities were conducted in July-August 2012. The ship was attached securely to this particular floe of ice, and moved with the floe as it floated freely in the ocean, for the duration of the work. By the end of the scientists' time on the ice, the floe had melted significantly and was obviously deteriorating. Some of the melt ponds on the surface of the ice, such as the ones shown in this photographs, had melted through completely to the ocean water below. The Arctic Ocean was approximately 3500 meters deep at this location.
